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A Phalanx is an ancient Greek military term for massed formation of soldiers moving in unison, usually armed with spears. Historically, the phalanx formation was a common feature in hoplite warfare, however, it was Philip II who introduced a new revolutionary type of phalanx. His sarrisa-armed phalangites were the main reason why Macedon became a superpower and dominated its enemies, for the sarissa had immense reach and was effective both against melee cavalry and infantry armed with the shorted dory alike.
This new type of warfare was so successful that after the partition of Alexander the Great's empire many Greek and other armies adopted the sarissa and phalanx formations. Only the emergence of the Celts and the Roman humiliation of phalanx-type formations at Cynoscephelae during the Macedonian War would put an end to its popularity, causing other nations - the Egyptians, Seleucids, and Armenians - to adopt Roman style sword-and-pila tactics, itself the favourite tactics of the Celts and Spanish.